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COMMON SUBSTITUTIONS
Sometimes we don't always have the right ingredient to complete a recipe. Below is a list of substitutions for common ingredients.
Ingredient |
Amount |
Substitution |
| Allspice | 1 teaspoon | 1/2 teaspoon (tsp.) cinnamon, 1/4 tsp. ginger, and 1/4 tsp. cloves |
| Baking powder | 1 teaspoon | 1/4 tsp. baking soda + 1/2 tsp. cream of tartar OR 1/4 tsp. baking soda + 1/2 cup (C) buttermilk (decrease liquid in recipe by 1/2 cup) |
| Beer | 1 cup | 1 C nonalcoholic beer OR 1 C chicken broth |
| Brandy | 1/4 cup | 1 tsp. imitation brandy extract + enough water to make 1/4 C |
| Bread crumbs | 1 cup | 1 C cracker crumbs OR 1 C matzo meal OR 1 C ground oats |
| Broth: beef or chicken | 1 cup | 1 bouillon cube + 1 C boiling water OR 1 tablespoon (T) soy sauce + enough water to make 1 C OR 1 C vegetable broth |
| Brown sugar | 1 cup, packed | 1 C white sugar + 1/4 C molasses and decrease the liquid in recipe by 1/4 C OR 1 C white sugar OR 1 1/4 C confectioners' sugar |
| Butter (salted) | 1 cup | 1 C margarine OR
1 C shortening + 1/2 tsp. salt OR 7/8 C vegetable oil plus 1/2 tsp. salt OR 7/8 C lard + 1/2 tsp. salt |
| Butter (unsalted) | 1 cup | 1 C shortening OR 7/8 C vegetable oil OR 7/8 C lard |
| Buttermilk | 1 cup | 1 C yogurt OR 1 T lemon juice or vinegar + enough milk to make 1 C |
| Cheddar cheese | 1 cup shredded | 1 C shredded Colby cheddar OR 1 C shredded Monterey Jack cheese |
| Chicken base | 1 tablespoon | 1 C canned or homemade chicken broth or stock. (Reduce liquid in recipe by 1 C) |
| Chocolate (semisweet) | 1 ounce | 1 (1 oz.) square of unsweetened chocolate + 4 tsp. sugar OR 1 oz. semisweet chocolate chips + 1 tsp. shortening |
| Chocolate (unsweetened) | 1 ounce | 3 T unsweetened cocoa + 1 T shortening or vegetable oil |
| Cocoa | 1/4 cup | 1 (1 oz.) square unsweetened chocolate |
| Corn syrup | 1 cup | 1 1/4 C white sugar + 1/3 C water OR 1 C honey OR 1 C light treacle syrup |
| Cottage cheese | 1 cup | 1 C farmer's cheese OR 1 C ricotta cheese |
| Cracker crumbs | 1 cup | 1 C bread crumbs OR 1 C matzo meal OR 1 C ground oats |
| Cream (half and half) | 1 cup | 7/8 C milk + 1 T butter |
| Cream (heavy) | 1 cup | 1 C evaporated milk OR 3/4 C milk + 1/3 C butter |
| Cream (light) | 1 cup | 1 C evaporated milk OR 3/4 C milk + 3 T butter |
| Cream (whipped) | 1 cup | 1 C frozen whipped topping, thawed |
| Cream cheese | 1 cup | 1 C pureed cottage cheese OR 1 C plain yogurt, strained overnight in a cheesecloth |
| Cream of tartar | 1 teaspoon | 2 tsp. lemon juice or vinegar |
| Egg | 1 whole (3 tablespoons or 1.7 oz.) | 2 1/2 T of powdered egg substitute + 2 1/2 T water OR 1/4 C liquid egg substitute OR 1/4 C silken tofu pureed OR 3 T mayonnaise OR half of a banana mashed with 1/2 tsp. baking powder OR 1 tablespoon powdered flaxseed soaked in 3 T water |
| Evaporated milk | 1 cup | 1 C light cream |
| Farmer’s cheese | 8 ounces | 8 oz. dry cottage cheese OR 8 oz. creamed cottage cheese, drained |
| Fats for baking | 1 cup | 1 C applesauce OR 1 C fruit puree |
| Flour – bread | 1 cup | 1 C all-purpose flour + 1 tsp. wheat gluten (available at health food stores and some supermarkets) |
| Flour – cake | 1 cup | 1 C all-purpose flour, minus 2 T |
| Flour – self rising | 1 cup | 7/8 C all-purpose flour + 1 1/2 tsp. baking powder and 1/2 tsp. of salt |
| Garlic | 1 clove | 1/8 tsp. garlic powder OR 1/2 tsp. granulated garlic OR 1/2 tsp. garlic salt (reduce salt in recipe) |
| Gelatin | 1 tablespoon, granulated | 2 tsp. agar-agar |
| Ginger – dry | 1 teaspoon | 2 tsp. chopped fresh ginger |
| Ginger – fresh | 1 teaspoon, minced | 1/2 tsp. ground dried ginger |
| Herbs – Fresh | 1 tablespoon chopped fresh | 1 tsp. (chopped or whole leaf) dried herbs |
| Honey | 1 cup | 1 1/2 C white sugar + 1/3 C water OR 1 C corn syrup OR 1 C light treacle syrup |
| Hot pepper sauce | 1 teaspoon | 3/4 tsp. cayenne pepper + 1 tsp. vinegar |
| Ketchup | 1 cup | 1 C tomato sauce + 1 tsp. vinegar + 1 T sugar |
| Lard | 1 cup | 1 C shortening OR 7/8 C vegetable oil OR 1 C butter |
| Lemon juice | 1 teaspoon | 1/2 tsp. vinegar OR 1 tsp. white wine OR 1 tsp. lime juice |
| Lemon zest | 1 teaspoon | 1/2 tsp. lemon extract OR 1 T lemon juice |
| Margarine | 1 cup | 1 C shortening + 1/2 tsp. salt OR 1 C butter OR 7/8 C vegetable oil + 1/2 tsp. salt OR 7/8 C lard + 1/2 tsp. salt |
| Mayonnaise | 1 cup | 1 C sour cream OR 1 C plain yogurt |
| Milk – whole | 1 cup | 1 C soy milk OR 1 C rice milk OR 1 C water or juice OR 1/4 C dry milk powder + 1 C water OR 2/3 C evaporated milk + 1/3 C water |
| Molasses | 1 cup | Mix 3/4 C brown sugar and 1 tsp. cream of tartar |
| Parsley | 1 tablespoon chopped fresh | 1 T chopped fresh chervil OR 1 tsp. dried parsley |
| Raisin | 1 cup | 1 C dried currants OR 1 C dried cranberries OR 1 C shopped pitted prunes |
| Rice – white | 1 cup, cooked | 1 C cooked barley OR 1 C cooked bulgur OR 1 C cooked brown or wild rice |
| Ricotta | 1 cup | 1 C dry cottage cheese OR 1 C silken tofu |
| Rum | 1 tablespoon | 1/2 tsp. rum extract + enough water to make 1 tablespoon |
| Semisweet chocolate chips | 1 cup | 1 C chocolate candies OR 1 C peanut butter or other flavored chips OR 1 C chopped nuts OR 1 C chopped dried fruit |
| Shortening | 1 cup | 1 C butter OR 1 C margarine minus 1/2 tsp. salt from recipe |
| Sour cream | 1 cup | 1 C plain yogurt OR 1 T lemon juice or vinegar + enough cream to make 1 C OR 3/4 C buttermilk mixed with 1/3 C butter |
| Sour milk | 1 cup | 1 T vinegar or lemon juice mixed with enough milk to make 1 cup; let stand 5 minutes to thicken |
| Soy sauce | 1/2 cup | 4 T Worcestershire sauce mixed with 1 T water |
| Stock – beef or chicken | 1 cup | 1 cube beef or chicken bouillon dissolved in 1 C water |
| Sweetened condensed milk | 1 (14 oz.) can | 3/4 C white sugar mixed with 1/2 C water and 1 1/8 C dry powdered milk; bring to a boil and cook, stirring frequently, until thickened (about 20 minutes) |
| Vegetable oil – for baking | 1 cup | 1 C applesauce OR 1 C fruit puree |
| Vegetable oil – for frying | 1 cup | 1 C lard OR 1 C vegetable shortening |
| Vinegar | 1 teaspoon | 1 tsp. lemon or lime juice OR 2 tsp. white wine |
| White sugar | 1 cup | 1 C brown sugar OR 1 1/4 C confectioners’ sugar OR 3/4 C honey OR 3/4 C corn syrup |
| Wine | 1 cup | 1 C chicken or beef broth OR 1 C fruit juice mixed with 2 tsp. vinegar OR 1 C water |
| Yeast-active dry | 1 (.25 oz. pkg.) | 1 cake compressed yeast OR 2 1/2 tsp. active dry yeast OR 2 1/2 tsp. rapid rise yeast |
| Yogurt | 1 cup | 1 C sour cream OR 1 C buttermilk OR 1 C sour milk |
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